If you use Zoom, Google Meet, or any other video conferencing app, it’s likely that at one point you may find yourself frantically trying to figure out why your mic is muted or your camera isn’t working. Sometimes, it’s simply a matter of checking the mute or camera buttons on your app — but if that doesn’t work, you may need to manage the permissions for audio and video on your operating system or browser. 

The good news is that these permissions aren’t too difficult to manage, no matter which OS or browser you’re using. You can grant permissions to the sites that need it while blocking any others that you don’t trust enough to have access to your camera and mic. Below, we cover how to manage permissions for macOS, Windows, and four of the best-known browsers: Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Apple Safari, and Mozilla Firefox.

(By the way, if you have problems with video, one of the first things you may want to do is check that your webcam lens cover is open — you’d be surprised how often you might forget to do that.)

If your audio and video settings aren’t set properly in your operating system, they won’t work for any apps, so if you’re having a general problem, it’s a good idea to check there first.

• To check your speaker and mic settings, go to Settings >  System > Sound.
• To check your video, go to Settings > System > Privacy & security > Camera, where you can select which installed apps and web apps can access your camera.

• On macOS, the relevant options for audio are under System Settings… > Sound. 
• For video, go to System Settings… > Privacy & Security > Camera to choose which apps can access the camera.

If none of these solutions solve your issues, here is how to check the settings in your browser.

If you’re using Chrome, the first time a website needs your computer webcam or mic, a small window will appear just to the left of the URL bar. Click Allow to grant permission.

You can also allow or block these permissions at any time by doing the following:

• Click the icon to the left of the URL bar: it’ll be a padlock for HTTPS-protected sites or a triangle for non-HTTPS sites.
• Choose Site settings from the window that pops up to see all of the permissions for the site you’re currently on.
• Open the drop-down list next to Camera or Microphone to access the three options: Ask (to be prompted every time access is needed), Allow, or Block.

You can also control the settings for camera and mic access across all sites at once.

• Click Privacy and security on the left, then Site settings. 
• Click Camera or Microphone. Here, you can disable them completely so sites can’t even ask to use them. The same screens also let you see and manage which sites currently have these permissions.

When it comes to muting sites, in Chrome, this is handled with a right-click on the tab header for the site. You can then choose Mute site or Unmute site as needed. If a site is playing audio, a speaker icon appears on its tab, and it’ll have a line through it if the audio is currently muted.

In Edge, when a site that you’ve not previously set permissions for needs the camera or microphone, a dialog requesting access pops up on the left-hand edge of the URL bar. At this point, you can click Allow or Block accordingly.

You can also allow or block these permissions at any time by doing the following:

• Click the icon to the left of the URL bar, which will either be a padlock if the site supports HTTPS or a triangle symbol if it doesn’t.
• Click Permissions for this site, and a list appears showing all of the permissions the site currently has or doesn’t have, including Camera and Microphone.
• Click the menu next to any permission to have the site Ask every time access is required, or set the permission to Allow or Block.

You can also control the settings for camera and mic access across all sites at once.

• Choose Cookies and site permissions from the navigation list on the left. 
• Select Camera or Microphone (or any other permission) to see which sites have access and which sites have been blocked from having access. 
• You can also block the ability to request permission access across all sites by turning off the Ask before accessing toggle switch.

Finally, there’s site muting. Right-click on a tab header, then choose Mute tab to mute it; right-click on a tab header, then choose Unmute tab to do the opposite. A speaker icon on a tab indicates it’s playing audio, and a little x next to the speaker means the audio is currently muted.

When a site in Safari needs a permission for the first time, like access to the camera or microphone, a dialog pops up. You can choose to Allow the request, Don’t Allow the request, or pick Never for This Website to deny access and block future requests.

You can also allow or block these permissions at any time by doing the following:

• Open the Safari menu and choose Settings > Websites.
• Click Camera or Microphone to see a list of sites where this permission has been given or blocked.
• Use the drop-down lists to the right to grant or deny the permission or to have the site ask for permission every time it’s needed.

You can also control the settings for camera and mic access across all sites at once.

• Down at the bottom of the dialog is another drop-down list for managing this permission across every site. The options are Ask (ask for permission), Deny (always block access), and Allow (always grant access when it’s needed).

When it comes to muting sites, any site playing audio will show a speaker icon to the right of the URL bar. Click this icon to mute the site (the sound waves on the icon disappear), and click it again to unmute.

If Firefox is your browser of choice, then you’ll see a dialog box pop up to the left of the URL bar the first time that a site needs access to the webcam or mic. You can click Allow or Block, and check the Remember this decision box if you don’t want to have to make this choice every time.

You can also allow or block these permissions at any time by doing the following:

• Click the icon showing two sliders just to the left of the URL bar. (Note: this permissions button only shows up on the URL bar after a permission has been requested, so if you don’t see it, that’s why.)
• A list of granted and blocked permissions shows up — click on any of the entries to reset the permission (so you’ll be asked again next time access is needed).

You can also control the settings for camera and mic access across all sites at once.

• Open the Firefox menu (three horizontal lines, top right), then choose Settings.
• Under Privacy & Security, scroll down to permissions.
• Click Camera or Microphone to see which websites have requested these permissions and to change the settings for these sites to Allow or Block.
• Both the Camera and Microphone pages have a check box at the bottom labeled Block new requests. This stops sites from being able to ask for the permissions they need.

To mute a site in Firefox, it needs to be playing audio — you can then click on the speaker icon that appears on the tab header when you hover over it to mute the sound. Click the icon again to unmute.